Narrative Timelines

 Chronicles of Destiny: Narrative Threads in 'Life of Pi,' 'Slumdog Millionaire,' and 'Maharaja'

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This blog is part of the studio activity for the unit "Film Studies" by Professor Dilip Barad sir . In this blog, I will conduct a comparative analysis of the narrative frames in "Life of Pi," "Slumdog Millionaire," and Nithilan Saminathan's "Maharaja."

Teacher's blog: https://blog.dilipbarad.com/2021/09/film-studies-introduction.html. 

Before we dive into the movies, let's briefly understand what a frame narrative is....

"A story in which another story is enclosed or embedded as a ‘tale within the tale’, or which contains several such tales.(Oxford Dictionary)

LIFE OF PI : 

The movie doesn't follow a straightforward timeline. Instead, it alternates between the present and past events. The story is predominantly told from Pi's perspective, providing insight through his eyes. However, there's a part where Pi's narration is questioned, casting doubt on the truth of his account. For instance, in the present, Pi recounts his survival story with Richard Parker, but he starts by narrating his parents' story. After 15 minutes, the narrative shifts to his childhood, which progresses chronologically. At exactly 22:32, the adventure story begins, where Pi, as an unreliable narrator, retells his tale. The main narrative unfolds from 35:48 to 01:48:30.  The film intricately portrays the past using techniques like montage, zooms, and wide angles. Essentially, it follows two timelines: Pi's life and the present, where the author poses questions. 

One can easily say that "Life of Pi" employs a non-linear narrative structure, intertwining flashbacks and various perspectives, such as the real story narrated to the officers and the imagined version shared with the author. The film's use of symbolism, religious themes, and philosophical questions, such as "Is there a God?" and "Which religion is better?" enriches the audience's engagement on multiple levels.

SLUMDOG MILLIONAIRE : 

Game Show:

Jamal's participation in the game show provides the structure for the current narrative. Each question serves as a gateway to exploring his past, creating a suspenseful and urgent storyline. The game show setting also offers a social critique, highlighting the stark contrast between Jamal's impoverished upbringing and the glamorous game show environment. This contrast draws attention to issues of poverty, class inequality, and the struggle for survival in Mumbai's slums.

Close-ups and tight framing during the game show scenes intensify the tension and emphasize Jamal's expressions and reactions. His character propels the narrative forward, driven not by greed but by a desire to reunite with his lost love, Latika.

 Flashbacks:

"Slumdog Millionaire" extensively uses flashbacks as a powerful narrative tool to depict Jamal Malik's childhood and teenage years. These flashbacks illustrate the harsh realities of poverty, violence, and survival, immersing the viewer in the vivid and chaotic life of Mumbai's slums. Each flashback is triggered by a question from the game show "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", linking Jamal's present knowledge to specific events from his past. Scenes of Jamal and his brother Salim navigating personal tragedies, evading oppressive authorities, and surviving in the slums highlight the resilience and resourcefulness that define Jamal's journey.

Police Interrogation Frame:

The police interrogation frame adds a new dimension of reality and suspense to the narrative in "Slumdog Millionaire." After his unexpected success on the game show "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?", Jamal Malik is detained and questioned by the authorities on suspicion of cheating. As Jamal explains how he knew the answers to each question, the interrogation sessions unfold his backstory through a series of flashbacks. The mistrust and harsh treatment Jamal receives from the police officers underscore the pervasive violence and corruption in the system, as well as the obstacles he has faced.

This storytelling technique not only heightens the tension but also lends a sense of authenticity to Jamal's extraordinary journey. The interrogation scenes ground the story's more fantastical elements in a harsh reality, enhancing the impact and believability of Jamal's ultimate success. 

MAHARAJA : 

Maharaja  is a 2024 Indian Tamil-language action thriller filmdirected by Nithilan Swaminathan, who co-wrote the script with Raam Murali. A barber seeks vengeance after his home is burglarized, cryptically telling police his "lakshmi" has been taken, leaving them uncertain if it's a person or object. His quest to recover the elusive "lakshmi" unfolds. However, this film is all about "Art of editing."

This film significantly influences viewers' perceptions and observations of its scenes and settings. The protagonist captivates the audience throughout the storytelling, exploring a vibrant narrative atmosphere and dynamic framing.

The movie delves into compelling themes such as crime, thriller, family, and emotions. It portrays the emotional depth and consequences experienced by the protagonist, Maharaja (played by Vijay Sethupati), and the antagonist's power to control significant events and commit thefts of money, jewelry, and more. The creative interplay between past and present events is especially magical in this film. The depth of editing and scene placement is evident, making the chronological structure of the protagonist's and antagonist's major events coherent and impactful. 

"Maharaja" conveys the idea that "what goes around comes around," suggesting that a person's actions, whether good or bad, will eventually lead to consequences. The movie reveals essential aspects of life, highlighting the importance of actions and their inevitable outcomes.

How the narratives are constructed and the techniques used to engage the audience ?

In "Life of Pi," "Slumdog Millionaire," and "Maharaja," the stories are meticulously crafted to engage viewers through striking visuals, non-linear narratives, and deep emotional layers. Flashbacks play a pivotal role in each film, allowing audiences to gradually uncover the protagonist’s journey by revealing past experiences that shape their current situation. This non-linear storytelling adds complexity and keeps viewers intrigued as they piece together crucial details and character development over time.

"Life of Pi" unfolds in the present day, interweaving flashbacks of Pi's childhood, the shipwreck, and his extraordinary sea voyage as he recounts his survival story to a writer. The film’s stunning visual effects and elements of magical realism create a fully immersive experience that captivates the audience. 

In "Slumdog Millionaire," the narrative centers around Jamal’s participation in a game show, with each answer triggering memories of his tumultuous past and adolescence. This structure heightens the suspense and maintains viewer interest in Jamal’s journey. The vibrant and often harsh imagery of Mumbai's slums adds to the story’s emotional impact.

"Maharaja" blends elements of the past and present to craft a compelling storyline and build suspense. The film’s vivid portrayal of the protagonist’s life, combined with a gripping thriller plot, draws viewers into the narrative and challenges them to explore deeper layers of the story. The film’s character development, use of virtual themes, crime elements, and dynamic editing make it particularly engaging, offering audiences a captivating experience.

Narrative Approach :-

"Life of Pi" uses an interview format, with an adult Pi narrating his story to a writer. "Slumdog Millionaire" is anchored by the game show, where each question triggers a flashback. 'Maharaja' uses an episodic structure and uses the major life events.

Visual and Cinematography :-

As we compare the narrative technique used in this movie, it evokes a sense of realistic moments and good conversation. This narrative storyline makes comparisons between human nature and animal nature. The film also narrates the technique of emotional depth. The protagonist's emotions are connected with the Richard Parker (tiger), and after the end, Richard Parker has no emotions towards the protagonist (Pie). The story preserves the depth of the writer's eagerness to know the protagonist's story and elaborate the frames. In both films, we can also see the same kind of the technique like flashbacks, past and present sequences, emotional depth, and many other things.

"Life of Pi" employs magical realism and extensive CGI to create a fantastical yet poignant visual narrative. "Slumdog Millionaire" uses gritty, realistic imagery of Mumbai's slums, combined with energetic and vibrant cinematography. 'Maharaja' likely balances the dynamic action sequence with protagonist and antagonist journey of life.

In 'Slumdog Millionaire', we can clearly see the past or childhood memories, which helps in the game show to give the answers. In the same way, in the movie 'Maharaja', past events are used to understand the present storyline in certain ways. In 'Maharaja', they take revenge for something that happened in the past. The editing sequence of the past event and the present event should be connected in the end sequence of the storyline or movie. The sequences are interne connected in all these films.

Conclusion :

These three films masterfully weave intricate narratives, employing distinct storytelling techniques to explore profound themes of survival, resilience, and the human spirit. While "Life of Pi" delves into the realms of faith, loss, and the power of imagination, "Slumdog Millionaire" offers a gritty portrayal of poverty, ambition, and the pursuit of love. "Maharaja" presents a thrilling tale of revenge and redemption, showcasing the intricate interplay of past and present. By skillfully blending flashbacks, multiple perspectives, and compelling visual narratives, these films captivate audiences and leave lasting impressions. Ultimately, these cinematic masterpieces demonstrate the versatility of narrative structures and the power of storytelling to transport viewers to different worlds and evoke a range of emotions.

References : 

Barad, Dilip. “Dilip Barad | Teacher Blog: Film Studies: An Introduction.” Dilip Barad's Blog, 12 September 2021, https://blog.dilipbarad.com/2021/09/film-studies-introduction.html. Accessed 31 July 2024.

“Frame narrative.” Oxford Reference, https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095832133. Accessed 31 July 2024.

Thank you for reading.

Have a great time.

"Black" movie-Review

 Cinematic Review

Hello ....

This Blog based on movie review of the movie "Black" which is released in 2005. This blog is not only based on movie review but rather include comparison of short story by R.K.Narayan Crime and Punishment is also a part of this blog. Assigned by Megha ma'am Trivedi. 

About the movie :- 

Movie :- "Black"

Released in 2005 

Director :- Sanjay leela Bhansali 

In 2003, Bhansali announced the production of his new project, Black. Its idea first came up when he met several physically disabled children while shooting Khamoshi: The Musical in the 1990s. The story was inspired by the activist Helen Keller's life and her 1903 autobiography, The Story of My Life.

As we all know that how movies can help to enhance our learning skills. By engaging students visually and emotionally, films clarify complex ideas, spark critical thinking, and foster cultural understanding. They cater to diverse learning styles, improve language skills, and encourage active participation. Carefully selected movies can significantly reinforce classroom lessons.So we the students of Department of English M.K. Bhavnagar University, sem-3 has organized a movie screening of "Black" movie released on 2005 by Sanjay leela Bhansali. 

we have organised this movie screening in a context of the most famous pre-independent Indian writer R.K.Narayan's Short story Crime and Punishment. Ultimately through this screening we just wanted to analyse the methods of teaching , and try to connect this story with child psychology and  wanted to connect litrature with the cinema.

As this movie is based on the true story of Hellen Keller and her teacher miss Anne Sullivan, let firstly have a look on the history of this film. 

HISTORY:-

Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Black is a cinematic masterpiece that delves into the depths of the human spirit. Inspired by his interactions with disabled children during the making of Khamoshi: The Musical, the film follows the transformative journey of Michelle, a deaf-blind girl, and her demanding teacher, Debraj. While drawing inspiration from Helen Keller's life, Black is not a biopic but a universal story of hope and resilience. Bhansali's bold choice to shoot the film in black and white emphasizes the characters' isolation and sensory deprivation. Black garnered critical acclaim for its powerful storytelling, exceptional performances by Amitabh Bachchan and Rani Mukerji, and Bhansali's masterful direction. The film remains a landmark in Indian cinema, inspiring audiences and leaving an enduring impact on the industry.

Just as Anne Sullivan became the eyes and ears for Helen Keller, unlocking a world of knowledge and communication, Debraj, the character played by Amitabh Bachchan, serves as the bridge between Michelle (Rani Mukerji) and the world around her. Both stories explore the immense patience, determination, and love required to educate someone with such profound sensory impairments.

While Black takes creative liberties, it captures the essence of the challenges and triumphs faced by both Anne and Helen. It offers a cinematic portrayal of the power of human connection and the ability to overcome seemingly insurmountable obstacles.

Cast:- 

Michelle McNally:- Rani Mukerji 

Debraj Sahai:- Amitabh Bachchan 

Michelle McNally :- Ayesha Kapur 

Sara McNally:- Nandana Sen 

Catherine:- Shernaz Patel 

Paul McNally:- Dhritiman Chatterjee 

Mrs. Nair:- Mahabanoo Mody-Kotwal

Mrs. Gomes:- Sillo Mahava 

Principal Fernan :- Chippy Gangjee

Martha:- Salome Roy Kapur 

Teacher:- Shehnaz Anand

Cinematography: Sanjay Leela Bhansali’s decision to shoot  Black entirely in black and white is a bold cinematic choice. This monochromatic palette mirrors the world as perceived by Michelle, the deaf-blind protagonist. The stark contrast between light and shadow becomes a visual language, representing hope, knowledge, and the gradual illumination of Michelle's mind. The use of close-ups and long takes intensify the emotional impact, drawing the audience into the characters' world.

Narrative Structure: Black employs a non-linear narrative, interweaving past and present to build tension and reveal character depth. The film follows a cyclical structure, mirroring Michelle’s journey from darkness to light and back again. This narrative choice allows for a deeper exploration of the characters' emotional arcs and the challenges they face. The film's climax is not a traditional resolution but a poignant moment of acceptance and understanding.

Character Development: Black is a masterclass in character development. Amitabh Bachchan's Debraj is a complex figure, a stern disciplinarian who is deeply compassionate. Rani Mukerji's portrayal of Michelle is equally nuanced, capturing the character's vulnerability, resilience, and eventual triumph. The characters undergo significant transformations, with their relationship serving as the catalyst for growth. Their interactions are marked by intense emotional exchanges, creating a powerful dynamic on screen.

Thematic Elements:

Black delves into profound themes of human connection, perseverance, and the power of education. The film explores the complexities of the teacher-student relationship, challenging the traditional notions of authority and obedience. It also raises questions about the nature of perception, emphasizing the importance of empathy and understanding. By centering on a character with disabilities, the film promotes inclusivity and challenges societal prejudices.

Black: A Masterpiece in Darkness and Light

Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Black is a cinematic masterpiece that transcends the boundaries of entertainment, delving deep into the complexities of human spirit and the power of education. This poignant exploration of the life of a blind and deaf girl, Michelle, and her extraordinary teacher, Debraj Sahai, offers a profound commentary on various aspects of life, from the intricacies of filmmaking to the nuances of human psychology and education.

Film Studies Perspective

From a film studies standpoint, Black is a visual and narrative marvel. The cinematography, dominated by dark, muted tones, mirrors the protagonist's world, emphasizing the isolation and challenges she faces. Bhansali's use of light, particularly in scenes of enlightenment and hope, is symbolic and impactful. The film's narrative structure is non-linear, mirroring the fragmented consciousness of someone who experiences the world primarily through touch and emotion. The character development of Michelle and Debraj is a testament to the power of acting. Amitabh Bachchan's portrayal of a passionate, yet troubled teacher, and Rani Mukerji's silent yet expressive performance as Michelle are nothing short of iconic. The film's thematic exploration of darkness, light, hope, and the indomitable human spirit is profound and thought-provoking.

Child Psychology Lens

Black offers a compelling exploration of child psychology, particularly in the context of disability. The film poignantly depicts the challenges faced by a child deprived of sight and hearing, and the psychological impact of such a condition. Michelle's journey from a world of darkness and silence to one of light and sound is a powerful metaphor for human potential. The film highlights the crucial role of a supportive environment and effective communication in the development of a child with disabilities. Helen Keller's influence is evident in the film's portrayal of a teacher who becomes a bridge between the child and the world.

If one wants to see child psychology then Michelle's character, Her behavior, reactions, and emotional development are observed through her interactions with others, particularly her teacher, Debraj. The film attempts to convey her internal world and psychological state despite her inability to communicate verbally. Also in a way  The film shows the psychological effects of being deaf and blind on a child. This includes isolation, frustration, and dependence. The film emphasizes the psychological importance of effective communication and education for a child's development, even in the face of severe sensory impairments. Additionally if we see the relationship between teacher and student then one can see, the dynamic between Michelle and Debraj highlights the psychological impact of a strong, nurturing, and patient relationship on a child with disabilities.

Educational Implications

From an educational perspective, Black offers valuable insights into the world of special education. The film showcases the transformative power of innovative teaching methods, emphasizing the importance of individualized attention and creative approaches to learning. Debraj Sahai's unconventional techniques highlight the need for teachers to go beyond traditional methods to reach their students. The teacher-student relationship portrayed in the film is central to the learning process, underscoring the significance of empathy, patience, and perseverance. Black is a powerful reminder of the potential of every child, regardless of their challenges, when provided with the right support and education.Also one can say that its exploration of film techniques, child psychology, and education is both insightful and thought-provoking. It is a film that challenges our perceptions, expands our understanding, and ultimately celebrates the triumph of the human spirit.

Innovative Teaching Methods in Special Education

Black showcases the pivotal role of innovative teaching methods in unlocking the potential of students with disabilities. Debraj Sahai's unconventional approach, which involves a deep understanding of Michelle's unique needs, challenges the traditional methods of education. The film emphasizes the necessity of tailoring instruction to individual students, demonstrating how creativity and patience can transform the learning experience for those with special needs.

The Teacher-Student Relationship

At the heart of Black is the profound teacher-student relationship between Debraj and Michelle. The film highlights the power of a strong, empathetic bond in facilitating learning. Debraj's unwavering dedication and belief in Michelle's abilities create a supportive environment where she can thrive. This portrayal underscores the importance of human connection in the educational process, emphasizing that a teacher's role extends beyond imparting knowledge.

The Portrayal of Learning Processes

Black offers a compelling depiction of the learning process, particularly for students with significant challenges. The film visualizes the complexities involved in acquiring knowledge through sensory deprivation, demonstrating the patience, perseverance, and creativity required. Michelle's journey from complete dependence to relative independence is a testament to the power of structured, consistent, and individualized education. The film emphasizes that learning is a gradual, often challenging process, but with the right support, remarkable achievements can be attained.

If we see then in Crime and Punishment also we can find the major themes like , the role o Parents and the role of teacher. In this film Black movie also we find similar themes somewhere one can connect . lets see how both are connected with each other .

Role of Parents

In "Crime and Punishment," the role of parents is pivotal, as the actions of the characters are significantly influenced by the freedoms and limitations set by their parents. The protagonist considerable freedom from his parents, which contributes to his erratic behavior. His upbringing lacks proper discipline and moral guidance, resulting in reckless decisions. The parents, despite their good intentions, fail to instill essential values and manners in their child. 

Whereas in the film Black also we can find the same thing as a role of parents,  Michelle's mother and father also kind of protective to her. During the movie we also see some of the scenes which reflects that they(parents of Michelle) in a way are not convince with the teacher of Michelle or the teaching method of the teacher . Similarly with Crime and Punishment. 

Role of Teachers

Despite the protagonist's misdeeds, the teacher refrains from taking firm action. Although the teacher once slapped the student, he quickly regretted it, fearing repercussions if the student reported the incident to his parents. The teacher's hesitation to address the student's behavior stems from concern over potential financial instability if the student withdraws from tuition. This reflects the broader issue of teachers often being underpaid and financially vulnerable, which influences their ability to manage student behavior effectively. 

In Black movie also somewhere we find the similar elements, like say for example Debraj in throughout the movie become a lighthouse for this Michelle. Even he tolerate her behavior , he in between the movie fulfill michelle's desire  and after that he go away. he every-time protects her and give her new birth , one can say that by giving her bright future he actually gives rebirth. 

This is how one can see the black movie is a visual and narrative treat. The stark black and white palette mirrors Michelle's world, while the use of light becomes symbolic of hope and knowledge.

In movie it's her teacher's role what she becomes or successful. Here are some success glimpse of Michelle from the movie.

SOME BEAUTIFUL DIALOGUES: 

1. When Mrs. Nair was translating the wording of Michelle to some university teachers. There Michelle was asked to define knowledge and she replies that ’’ Knowledge means everything, it’s a art of wisdom, it’s a obsession and above all Knowledge means my teacher .It was so heart-touching scene This scene will always have one footprint in my mind and heart too.

2. When Debraj defines Michelle about the meaning of Black. He says ’’ Black is a color of achievement. Black is a color of knowledge and Black is a color of graduation .

3. When Debraj falls down in the absence of light and says to Shernaz that ’’ Light ke bina bhagwan ki di gayi aankhon ka bhi koi matlab nahin hota ’’. It means ’’ without light eyes which are able to see doesn’t mean anything then what we can say more about a blind person.

Here are some movie screening photos of our class. 

You can also go through my facebook post from here: Facebook Post 

In conclusion one can see that , Sanjay Leela Bhansali's "Black" is a cinematic masterpiece that delves deep into the human spirit and the transformative power of education. The film follows the inspiring journey of Michelle, a deaf-blind girl, and her unconventional teacher, Debraj. Through its powerful storytelling, exceptional performances, and stunning cinematography, "Black" explores themes of darkness, light, hope, and resilience. The film’s non-linear narrative mirrors Michelle's fragmented world, while the stark contrast between light and shadow symbolizes her journey from ignorance to knowledge. Amitabh Bachchan and Rani Mukerji deliver powerhouse performances as the complex characters of Debraj and Michelle, respectively. Beyond its emotional impact, "Black" offers valuable insights into child psychology, highlighting the importance of effective communication and education for individuals with disabilities. The film also emphasizes the transformative power of innovative teaching methods and the significance of the teacher-student relationship and also in a way very inspirational movie. By drawing parallels with R.K. Narayan's "Crime and Punishment," the film underscores the role of parental influence and the impact of teachers on shaping individuals. Ultimately, "Black" is a cinematic exploration of human potential and the power of the human spirit to overcome adversity. It is a film that lingers in the mind long after the credits roll, inspiring viewers to embrace the transformative power of education and the importance of human connection.

Thank you for reading.

Have a great time. 

R.K.Narayan

 

Short Stories 

Hello.

This blog is based on two short stories of R.K.Narayan and that is 'An Astrologer's day' and 'Crime and Punishment', this blog has been assigned by megha ma'am. 

R.K. Narayan's name is practically synonymous with Malgudi, the charming fictional town that serves as the setting for many of his beloved stories. Collections like "Malgudi Days," featuring the iconic "Swami and Friends," have cemented his place as a master storyteller. But Narayan's talent extends far beyond these well-known works. This blog acts as your guide to explore hidden corners of Malgudi. We'll be delving into two of his lesser-known short stories: "An Astrologer's Day" and "Crime and Punishment." Get ready for a journey filled with unexpected twists of fate and thought-provoking moral dilemmas that unfold within the heart of this vibrant town. Prepare to discover a side of Narayan that may surprise you, showcasing his ability to weave captivating stories that go beyond the familiar streets and characters that Malgudi fans already know and love.

The prolific Indian English Writer: R.K. Narayan

R.K. Narayan, a towering figure in Indian literature, is best known for creating the fictional town of Malgudi. This charming South Indian setting became the backdrop for many of his novels. Narayan, alongside writers like Mulk Raj Anand and Raja Rao, is considered a pioneer of early Indian writing in English. His debut novel, "Swami and Friends," published in 1935, helped introduce this style of literature to the world.

Narayan wasn't alone on his literary journey. The famous writer Graham Greene became his mentor and played a key role in getting Narayan's first four books published. This included the heartwarming and semi-autobiographical trilogy of "Swami and Friends," "The Bachelor of Arts," and "The English Teacher."

Narayan's talent extended far beyond these initial works. He went on to write acclaimed novels like "The Financial Expert" and "The Guide," which even won the prestigious Sahitya Akademi Award. "The Guide" was later adapted into a successful Hindi film. A unique quality of Narayan's writing is his ability to create a fictional world that feels real. Similar to the works of William Faulkner, Narayan's Malgudi brims with humor and the vibrancy of everyday life.

An Astrologer's Day:- 

Let's have a look on some question answer which is based on the story,An Astrologer's Day:- 

Q-1) How faithful is the movie to the original short story?

Ans:The film adaptation we watched definitely captured the essence of the story, but like many adaptations, it likely took some creative liberties to make it more engaging. One difference could be the level of detail. While the story uses rich descriptions, films rely heavily on visuals. The director might have simplified the astrologer's appearance and belongings to keep the focus on the plot, letting viewers imagine the finer details.One can see the major difference might be in the portrayal of the family. The story may have left the wife unnamed, making her a background character, while the film might have given her a name, like "Usha," and expanded her role. Similarly, the story might not have specified the child's gender or name. The film’s choice to depict a daughter adds a new dimension to the family dynamic, potentially altering how viewers perceive the story. Analyzing these variations helps us appreciate the challenges and creativity involved in adapting literature to film.

Q-2) After watching the movie, has your perception of the short story, characters, or situations changed?

Ans:The story presents an intriguing detail: the astrologer, who attempted to kill Guru Nayak years ago, recognizes him immediately. However, Guru Nayak, likely traumatized by the attack, does not recognize his assailant. This inconsistency opens up several possibilities: a disguise, a blurred memory, or perhaps a deliberate choice by the author to create suspense.

Q-3) Did you experience ‘aesthetic delight’ while watching the movie? If yes, when exactly did it happen? If no, can you explain why?

Ans:Yes, the story ends beautifully, exemplifying aesthetic delight. The astrologer's eerie knowledge of Guru Nayak's past piques our curiosity, building suspense as we seek answers. The eventual revelation acts as a catharsis, a satisfying moment when the puzzle pieces fit together. This shift from confusion to understanding, coupled with the emotional weight of the hidden past, brings aesthetic delight. It’s the pleasure of seeing the story unfold meaningfully, leaving a lasting impact.

Q-4) Did watching the movie help you better understand the short story?

Ans: While the short story’s straightforward approach makes it easy to grasp on the first read, film adaptations can offer a fresh perspective. They can add depth by bringing the characters and setting to life visually, enriching our understanding of the story and its emotional core, even for works we initially found clear.

Q-5) Was there a particular scene or moment in the story that you found perfect?

Ans: The exchange between Guru Nayak and the astrologer is a perfect example of how dialogue can elevate a story. It’s not just conversation; it encapsulates the entire narrative. This tense interaction captures the story’s central themes: do our stars dictate our fate, or can we forge our own path? Can we truly escape the shadows of our past actions? This charged dialogue forces both the characters and the audience to confront these profound questions. It’s the turning point where suspense peaks. The film’s faithful depiction of this pivotal scene likely enhances the story’s overall impact, drawing viewers deeper into the heart of the conflict.

Q-6) If you were the director, what changes would you make in a remake of the movie based on R.K. Narayan’s short story “An Astrologer’s Day”?

Ans: As the director, I would be tempted to explore an alternative ending with more action. Imagine Guru Nayak, with a flicker of recognition, finally identifying the astrologer as his old foe. This revelation could spark a desire for revenge, steering the narrative in a completely new direction – one of retribution. This twist would change the genre, turning the introspective character study into a thrilling story of settling old scores. 

YouTube:

https://youtu.be/_tygoddU7W8

Themes in "Crime and Punishment"

Role of Parents

In "Crime and Punishment," the role of parents is pivotal, as the actions of the characters are significantly influenced by the freedoms and limitations set by their parents. The protagonist, Raskolnikov, receives considerable freedom from his parents, which contributes to his erratic behavior. His upbringing lacks proper discipline and moral guidance, resulting in reckless decisions. The parents, despite their good intentions, fail to instill essential values and manners in their child.

Role of Teachers

Despite the protagonist's misdeeds, the teacher refrains from taking firm action. Although the teacher once slapped the student, he quickly regretted it, fearing repercussions if the student reported the incident to his parents. The teacher's hesitation to address the student's behavior stems from concern over potential financial instability if the student withdraws from tuition. This reflects the broader issue of teachers often being underpaid and financially vulnerable, which influences their ability to manage student behavior effectively. 

Films Exploring Similar Themes

Literary Lens: Disability on Screen

 Page to Screen: Exploring Ability

Hello everyone, 

Movies are in a way modern way to analyse the society and literature , we movie screening committee organized "A Disability themed movie screening series" at Department of English  for deep study of Disability studies in literature.

disability themed movie screenings

As we all knows that Movies, often considered a modern extension of literature, play a significant role in the study of various subject matters. They bring written narratives to life, offering a visual and auditory dimension that can enhance understanding and engagement.  They also provide cultural context and emotional depth, which can enrich the study of literature, history, sociology, and psychology. In the realm of disability studies, movies are particularly impactful.

So in this blog we are going to discuss that how movies provide a visual representations of disabilities, showcasing the lived experiences of individuals and challenging stereotypes. Through character development and storytelling, films can highlight the societal barriers and prejudices faced by people with disabilities, fostering empathy and deeper analysis. This multimedia approach helps viewers to better understand and critically assess issues related to disability, making movies a valuable tool for education and advocacy.

For exploration of Disability studies through Cinema firstly we we have to know about disability study and the history about particular topic. let's have a look upon what is disability study ?

The answer of this particular question is, Disability studies, an interdisciplinary area of study based in the humanities and social sciences that views disability in the context of culture, society, and politics rather than through the lens of medicine or psychology.(Britannica)

Disability studies is an interdisciplinary field that examines the social, cultural, political, and economic factors that define and affect disability. This field emerged from the activism of disabled people in the 1970s and involves both academics and activists. It challenges the traditional medical model, which views disability as a defect that needs to be corrected, and instead promotes the social model, which sees disability as a result of societal barriers and discrimination. Critical disability studies emphasize the lived experiences of disabled people, advocating for their rights and full inclusion in society. The importance of disability studies in literature lies in its ability to provide a nuanced understanding of disability. Literature often reflects societal attitudes and can either reinforce stereotypes or challenge them by presenting disabled characters in a more complex and humanized manner. By incorporating disability studies into literary analysis, scholars can uncover the ways in which narratives perpetuate or contest the marginalization of disabled people, thus contributing to broader social and cultural change. This approach is essential for analyzing how disability is represented and understood in different contexts, and for promoting a more inclusive and equitable society. It allows for a deeper exploration of themes related to identity, autonomy, and social justice, and provides tools to advocate for the rights and dignity of disabled individual.

For more exploration of Disability study you can read these all materials :

• Disability studies: Foundation & key concepts: https://daily.jstor.org/reading-list-disability-studies/

1) Past and Present Perspective Towards Disability: A Historical Perspective :-

https://dsq-sds.org/index.php/dsq/article/view/3197/3068

2) Understanding Critical Disability Studies :-

https://www.cmaj.ca/content/186/16/1248

3) National Conference on ‘Exploring Disability Experience in Social Science Research.’ :-

http://www.jstor.org/stable/41921942

4) A Disability Studies Analysis of Alcohol Use: Understanding Personal Experiences through Dominant Discourses on Addiction :-

https://dsq-sds.org/index.php/dsq/article/view/8701/8133

5) Changing Representation of Disability in Hindi Cinema (PDF)

Hope now you have enough knowledge about Disability study, for exploration of this we have planned a "Disability themed based screening series" in which we are going to watch several movies like..... Margarita With A Straw , Fanna , Iqbal , Khamoshi , Paa and many more. 

Today on 13th of July we have screening of the movie "Margarita with straw" which was released in 2014 from here you can read some study materials. 

Margarita with A Straw (2014)

2014

A rebellious young woman with cerebral palsy leaves her home in India to study in New York, unexpectedly falls in love, and embarks on an exhilarating journey of self-discovery.

1) Margarita With A Straw: Trailer:-

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zy3F0WVDK0

2)  Margarita With A Straw: 

https://m.imdb.com/title/tt2929690/

3) Representation of Intersectionality in the Film Margarita with A Straw :- (PDF)

Quest Journals Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science Volume 9 ~ Issue 3 (2021)pp: 37-40 ISSN(Online):2321-9467 www.questjournals.org

4) Margarita with a Straw: Female Sexuality, Same Sex Love, and Disability in India (PDF)

by Priyam Sinha (priyam5694@gmail.com) is a PhD candidate at the National University of Singapore. Vol. 55, Issue No. 14, 04 Apr, 2020. Economic and political weekly publication: ISSN (Online) - 2349-8846

(Stay tuned for more movies)

Conclusion:- 

In conclusion, the "Disability Themed Movie Screening Series" serves as a vital platform for exploring disability studies through the lens of cinema. By showcasing films we engage with narratives that challenge societal stereotypes and illuminate the complexities of disability. This series not only enhances our understanding of disability within cultural and social contexts but also fosters empathy and advocacy for marginalized voices. As we analyze these films, we gain valuable insights into the lived experiences of individuals with disabilities, promoting a more inclusive society and encouraging critical discussions on identity and social justice. Through film, we can inspire meaningful change and a deeper appreciation of diverse narratives in literature and beyond.

Hope this blog helps you to enhance your knowledge.

Happy learning. 

Thank you for Reading.

Have a great time.

Verse and Deconstruction: An AI Perspective

 AI and the Poststructuralist Lens

Hello readers....

This blog post is written as a response to a lab activity assigned by Professor Dilip sir Barad. The task involved creating an AI-generated poem and providing study materials on deconstruction or post-structuralism to prompt an analysis of the poem. I've asked ChatGPT to perform a deconstruction of the poem generated in this activity.

Poem : 1  Ephemeral Drizzle       

Poem 1 

In whispers soft, the rain descends from high, 

A gentle touch upon the earth, a sigh.

Each droplet dances, kissed by wind's embrace,

 A fleeting waltz upon the land's embrace.

The rooftops shimmer, bathed in silver hue, 

As raindrops weave their tales of morning dew.

In gardens, petals glisten, fresh and bright, 

Reflecting skies of softened, misty light.

The world is hushed, in quiet reverence, 

To nature's gentle, soothing cadence.

A symphony of rain upon the eaves, 

Awakens life, from slumber softly weaves.

O rain, ephemeral yet ever kind, 

You bless the earth, with beauty intertwined.

In every drop, a story to unfold, 

Of love and life, in mysteries untold.

• Deconstructive Three Stages Analysis of "Ephemeral Drizzle":

1. Verbal Stage: 

Paradox and Contradiction: In "Ephemeral Drizzle," a line like "Each droplet dances, kissed by wind's embrace" suggests a romantic, gentle imagery. However, the word "drizzle" typically implies light rain, contradicting the idea of dancing droplets, which are more associated with heavier rain.

Language's Unreliability: The phrase "gentle touch upon the earth, a sigh" implies a peaceful interaction, yet rain can also evoke melancholy or disturbance, showing language's slipperiness in conveying a singular emotion.

     2. Textual Stage:

Shifts and Breaks: The poem progresses from describing rain as a gentle touch to portraying it as a symphony and a storyteller. These shifts reflect an unstable attitude towards rain, moving from a physical sensation to a metaphorical narrative.

Omissions and Contradictions: The poem omits the potential disruptive or destructive aspects of rain, focusing instead on its poetic and serene qualities, thereby omitting a fuller, more complex view.

    3. Linguistic Stage:

Language's Adequacy Questioned: Despite portraying rain as gentle and soothing, the poem's language indirectly suggests an inadequacy in capturing the full complexity of rain's impact, both positive and negative.

• Deconstructive Analysis of "Ephemeral Drizzle":

1. Primacy of the Signifier : The poem uses signifiers like "droplets," "wind's embrace," and "petals," which construct meaning through their arrangement and relationships rather than directly representing a factual reality.
2. Parallels and Connections: It connects natural elements ("droplets," "petals") with sensory experiences ("gentle touch," "whispers"), highlighting visual and tactile similarities and differences.
3. Nature of the Signifiers: "Petals" and "droplets" evoke imagery and sensations rather than directly referring to physical objects, emphasizing the poetic comparison and associations.
4. Associations and Differences:The poem's power lies in delicate associations between natural elements and human experiences, contrasting themes of gentleness ("gentle touch") with potential disruption ("rain").
5. Effect of the Word "Ephemeral": The term "ephemeral" suggests fleetingness and transience, enhancing the poem's exploration of impermanence and the passing nature of beauty.
6. Form and Structure: Isolated lines and rhythmic patterns ("droplets dance," "symphony of rain") on the page emphasize the poem's form, creating a musical quality that resonates with Julia Kristeva's concept of the semiotic.
7. The Semiotic: Kristeva's semiotic, involving rhythmic and musical aspects of language, is evident in the poem's aesthetic appeal and emotional resonance beyond literal meaning.

• Absent Images:

The poem focuses on the imagery of rain ("droplets," "petals," "gentle touch"), creating vivid sensory experiences. However, it also suggests what is absent or not explicitly stated:

Absence of Disruption: While rain is often associated with disturbance or chaos, the poem emphasizes the gentle and soothing aspects ("gentle touch," "whispers soft"), omitting the potential disruptive effects.

Temporal Absence: The term "ephemeral" implies the transient nature of beauty and life, highlighting what is fleeting and impermanent in the natural world.

• Power Struggle Between Binary Oppositions:

Nature vs. Civilization: The poem subtly challenges the binary opposition between nature (represented by rain and petals) and human civilization (implied but not directly confronted). It suggests a harmonious relationship ("petals glisten"), yet avoids overt conflict or resolution, leaving the tension between these binaries unresolved.

Beauty vs. Disruption: By focusing on the beauty of rain and petals ("symphony of rain," "petals glisten"), the poem indirectly contrasts with the potential disruptive force of rain, highlighting the power struggle between tranquility and chaos inherent in natural phenomena.

Poem : 2  Death in Rain 

Poem 2 

In monsoon's grasp, where rain and thunder meet, 

Death whispers softly, in the storm's heartbeat.

Beneath the clouds, where darkness starts to creep, 

Life yields to silence, in the rain's sweep.

The earth receives its tears, in mourning gray, 

As nature mourns the souls that fade away.

Yet in the storm, a solemn beauty lies, 

A fleeting grace before the spirit flies.

In monsoon's embrace, where endings softly fall, 

Death finds its peace, amidst the rain's soft call.

• Deconstructive Three Stages Analysis of "Monsoon's Embrace":

1. Verbal Stage:

Paradox and Contradiction: The title itself, "Monsoon's Embrace," suggests an intimate or comforting relationship with the monsoon, yet the poem explores death within this context, questioning the nature of such an embrace.

Privileging Darkness: The poem contrasts light and darkness, where darkness is portrayed as generative ("seen as engendering life"), which reverses the conventional privileging of light over darkness.

    2. Textual Stage:

Shifts and Breaks: The poem shifts between images of death in the monsoon and reflections on life, creating instability in its thematic focus and emotional tone. This reflects a lack of fixed position or narrative coherence.

Omissions and Contradictions: It omits clear reasons for refusing to mourn, leaving the reader to navigate through shifts in perspective without a unified narrative stance.

     3. Linguistic Stage:

Language's Adequacy Questioned: The poem challenges the adequacy of language to express grief and mourning ("refuses to mourn" versus the act of mourning depicted in the poem itself), highlighting the limits and contradictions inherent in poetic expression.

• Deconstructive Analysis of "Monsoon's Embrace":

1. Primacy of the Signifier: Signifiers like "death whispers softly," "monsoon's embrace," and "end of the world" construct meaning through their arrangement and thematic relationships.

2. Parallels and Connections: It connects the forces of nature ("monsoon") with existential themes ("death"), highlighting the interplay between natural and human cycles.

3. Nature of the Signifiers: The poem's imagery of "embrace" and "death" evoke complex emotional and philosophical reflections rather than straightforward representations.

4. Associations and Differences: It explores the association between natural power ("monsoon's embrace") and human mortality ("death whispers softly"), challenging conventional interpretations of nature and life.

5. Effect of the Word "Monsoon": "Monsoon" symbolizes both renewal and destruction, emphasizing the cyclical nature of life and the passage of time.

6. Form and Structure: The poem's structure shifts between contemplative reflections ("death whispers softly") and expansive imagery ("end of the world"), creating a thematic continuity punctuated by emotional intensity.

7. The Semiotic: Similar to "Ephemeral Drizzle," the poem's use of language and imagery evokes Kristeva's semiotic, inviting emotional engagement and aesthetic appreciation beyond literal meanings.

• Absent Images:

The poem explores the absent images through its thematic and symbolic elements:

Absence of Clarity: The poem's use of "death whispers softly" and "monsoon's embrace" suggests a blurred line between natural renewal and human mortality, leaving room for ambiguity and interpretation.

Existential Absence: The absence of clear answers or resolutions regarding life and death invites contemplation on existential themes, challenging readers to confront uncertainties and complexities.

• Power Struggle Between Binary Oppositions:

Life vs. Death: The poem navigates the binary opposition between life ("monsoon's embrace") and death ("death whispers softly"), suggesting a cyclical relationship rather than a clear separation. This blurring of boundaries challenges traditional dichotomies and reflects on the continuous cycle of existence.

Strength vs. Vulnerability: Through its imagery of monsoon as both a powerful force of nature and a metaphor for mortality, the poem explores the dynamic interplay between strength and vulnerability, questioning which force ultimately prevails in the human experience.

• Conclusion: 

In analyzing the AI-generated poems "Ephemeral Drizzle" and "Monsoon's Embrace" through deconstructive methods, we uncover layers of complexity within their language and imagery. By examining paradoxes, contradictions, and the instability of meaning, we see how both poems juxtapose themes of gentleness and disruption, life and death, and nature and civilization. This deconstructive approach reveals the inherent fluidity and multiplicity of interpretations, emphasizing the limitations of language in capturing the full spectrum of human experience and natural phenomena. The poems' evocation of transient beauty and existential reflection underscores the interplay between presence and absence, highlighting the nuanced dance between opposing forces that define our perception of the world. Ultimately, these analyses showcase the power of deconstruction to deepen our understanding of poetic texts, inviting readers to engage with the rich, often contradictory layers of meaning embedded within the verses.

• References :

Images are created with Ideogram.AI 

Barry, Peter. Beginning Theory, 3/E. Viva Books Private Limited, 2010.

Barad, Dilip, Deconstructive Analysis of Ezra Pound's 'In a Station of the Metro' and William Carlos Williams's 'The Red Wheelbarrow', Researchgate.net, Accessed 4 July 2024. 

Belsey, Catherine. Poststructuralism: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions). OUP Oxford, 2002.

Thank you so much for reading ...

Have a great time.

Persona-Power

 Unique-Label

Hello….

we might wonder about the real value of a name. This blog is based on the pre-thinking activity, assigned by Vaidehi Hariyani ma'am. In this blog I'm going to deal with the topic, “Names” are much more than mere labels. We all holds significant meaning. Let's brainstorm in an enjoyable and creative way about the importance of our names.

Once Charles Spurgeon says that….

"There is a great deal in a name. It often signifies much, and may involve a great principle. Indeed, a good name is what Shakespeare calls it - a precious jewel." 

"I"

•  Firstly let's see what is the importance of name in day-to-day life: 

We all know that names are very important in many parts of life. One can say that they helps us to shape who we are and how we see ourselves, as well as how others see us. Also we can say that names often have cultural meanings, showing our heritage and family ties. They are crucial for talking to and identifying each other. Names can also affect our self-esteem and how we are treated. Legally, they are needed for identification and official documents.

Meaning of my Name 

•  Let's dive into some interesting activity based questions: 

1)  What is your name? What is the meaning of it?

Ans:

• My name is Riya.

• The meaning of my name "Riya" has Indian origin and has several meanings depending on the cultural context. Say for example if we see in Sanskrit language then we come to know that "Riya" means "singer" or "graceful."

It is also associated with the meanings "gem" or "goddess." Apart from India my name found in Japanese, arabic and philipino cultures as well. 

In Japanese language the meaning of my name is "jasmine" or "village of jasmine.” If we look into Arabic language then we find that the meaning of my name is "scent" or "fragrance.”This is how the meaning of my name that one can find. And lastly in Philipino culture my name Riya often use as a fancy name or someone who wants to follow Indian tradition thay often select this name.

2)  What qualities commonly linked with your name do you believe reflect your attributes?

Ans:

• If one wants to know about quality then , Qualities commonly linked with my name "Riya", includes gracefulness, creativity, and a pleasant, friendly nature.

• Yes somehow I believe that my name reflects my character or we can say that it attributes. Because I feel like my pleasant nature makes everyone feel welcomed and valued , as I effortlessly connects with others and fosters a sense of belonging wherever I goes. My genuine kindness and innate ability to see the beauty in the world is what makes me understanding towards every person. And what I personally think that my graceful nature helps me to deal with every single situation. 

3)  Why do you think the name is important?

Ans: 

• As we have already discussed previously that names hold significance because they often carry cultural, familial, and personal meanings. They are not just labels but can shape perceptions and expectations. The names are important one can say that it astablished our confidence and self-esteem. 

In conclusion I just want to say that it was thrilling to delve into the significance of our names in today's world, where existential crises are common. Understanding the meaning and importance of one's name is truly fascinating. I had a great time writing this blog and hope you enjoyed reading it as well. Lastly I just want to quote something and that is….

"A name represents identity, a deep feeling and holds tremendous significance to its owner."

 - Rachel Ingber

Thank you so much.

Have a great time.